English Story
Hakata Bay’s Stone Defence Line
After the 1274 invasion, a defensive line known at the time as the ishitsuiji was constructed for roughly 20 kilometres along Hakata Bay. This story follows its coastal setting, the sections assigned to warrior groups from different Kyushu provinces, variations in materials and structure, its role in 1281, the limits of written and pictorial evidence, and the long history of repair, burial, excavation, and preservation.
